Session Index

We show some methods for optical designing metalenses that deal with the optimal transfer of light energy, i.e. for light concentration and illumination applications. Owing to its compactness, flatness, and high design flexibility, metasurface-based flat optics may solve some problems in the nonimaging optics field, which deals with light concentration and illumination. We explain the latest advances on this topic. We discuss two algorithms for uniform illumination design with metasurfaces: ray mapping method, and Monge–Ampere equation method. And we discuss the string method for efficient light concentration with flat optics.

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Near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) between different materials is crucial for near-field applications. A groundbreaking achievement demonstrates near-field thermal radiation produced through the interaction of surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) with magnetic dipole resonances. Both simulation and experiments affirm that silicon (Si) particles can outcouple energy with polar materials' SPhPs within the near-field range, subsequently scattering electromagnetic energy into the far field. Spin-coating with Si particles emerges as a simple, low-cost, and non-destructive method to effectively increase surface emission, holding potential for far-field applications across various sizes of polar materials.

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This research presents a novel approach to creating a key component for a nearinfrared spectrometer with wavelength tunability. The core component is based on a liquid
crystal (LC)-in-cavity structure, forming a hybrid photonic crystal (PC). To investigate the
temperature-tunable defect-mode resonance peaks in the cell, we measured and simulated
temperature-dependent birefringence of the LC used as the defect layer. Our finding illustrates
the behavior of wavelength shift of the resonance peaks as the temperature rises, with blueshift
and redshift observed in distinct temperature ranges. The designed PC/LC structure emerges as
an attractive candidate for spectrometer and optical communication applications.

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Ultra-high N-type chiral photonic crystals (CPC) have recently emerged as a breakthrough in photonics. With an exceptionally large number of periods (N), CPC exhibits extraordinary optical properties, including giant optical polarization rotation and dynamic tunability. This article explores the unique capabilities of CPC in high-transmission spectral regions and its potential applications in optical communications and ultrafast laser technology. The prospects of ultra-high N-type CPC are discussed, highlighting its impact on polarization manipulation of ultrashort laser pulses and dynamic polarization control of sub-picosecond laser pulses.

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In contour measurement technology, fringe projection offers non-contact advantages and widespread application. This paper presents a method using the five-step phase-shifting approach to reconstruct 3D profiles of small objects. Its advantage lies in high tolerance for phase errors and accurate measurements. Precision is vital for fringe phase in profilometers. This study utilizes tailored transmissive masks to project nearly perfect sine wave fringes, followed by Fourier filtering and averaging to enhance fringe accuracy.

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In this study, we investigate the lateral luminance of long-distance solid-state lighting projection lamps. The production of long-distance projection lights is arranged in a 4×4 array, and the projection distance can reach 4.17 km. Using 25 sets of projection lights, the projection distance can be extended up to 20 km. Experiments indicate that different horizontal placements will impact the short-range visual effect, whereas there is no discernible difference at long distances. Altering the placement of the projection lamps does not affect their visual contrast over long distances.

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Extensive investigation reveals the dynamic evolution of cholesteric helical self-assembly and defect formation, with electric fields at different frequencies effectively eliminating unremovable defects and controlling helix alignment. A dual-frequency field assembly technique enables stable, well-aligned cholesteric liquid crystals of unprecedented thickness, offering compactness, high transmission, dynamic tunability, large polarization rotation, and versatile switching/modulation possibilities for ultrafast and continuous-wave lasers across visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared regimes.

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Non-Hermitian metasurfaces can exhibit unique and unconventional optical behaviors due to the interaction between gain and loss, including effects like unidirectional reflection, nonreciprocal transmission, and enhanced sensitivity. Here, we designed a plasmonic non-Hermitian metasurface operating at an exceptional point (EP) for asymmetric reflection, and introduced Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase to achieve abnormal reflection of two degenerate circular polarized (CP) light under linear polarized (LP) light incidence.

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This study proposed a high-quality fiber ring laser combining four-subring resonators and a saturable absorber within a ring cavity. A non-pumped erbium-doped fiber (EDF) is introduced as the saturable absorber (SA) within the ring structure. we arrange four subrings with different lengths to form the four-subring resonators, achieving a single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) operation. At a pump power of 100 mW, the laser maximum power and wavelength deviations during a one-hour test were measured to be 0.01 dB and 0.059 nm, respectively. we measured an ultra-narrow linewidth of 620 Hz.

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Most metasurfaces suffer from low reflection efficiency in practical applications because they typically focus only on the phase profile during component design. To enhance their real-world applicability, we have developed a method that incorporates amplitude modulation into the design of beam deflection metasurfaces. With our approach, we have achieved a significant improvement in deflection efficiency, increasing it by approximately 60% for a 5° deflection angle and around 39% for a 25° deflection angle.

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The research is to improve the efficiency of light transmission through a light guide with two volume holographic optical elements (VHOE). When light transmit in light guide, the angle tolerance causes filtering effects on mismatch wavelengths. To solve this problem, we simulate the wavelength distribution by using VOHIL after passing through the hologram. By recording the dispersive elements, the required wavelength distribution is created in order to direct different wavelengths to different angles. In addition, through the combination of phase superposition and dispersion elements, which utilizes the energy of the light source more efficiently and enhance the optical system efficiency.


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In this study, an electrically tunable color filter has been demonstrated based on the modulation of heliconical structures of chiral nematics. In contrast to conventional chiral nematics with a bend elastic constant ( K33) larger than a twist one (K22), the chiral nematics with K33 smaller than K22 can maintain their helical textures while raising applied voltages. Apart from the demonstration of the tunability of heliconical structures, the structural information for the heliconical applied with different voltages has been extracted by the simulated spectra successfully.

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In our study, we design and fabricate an optical combiner based on a SiNx dielectric grating to serve as a reflective filter with an incident angle of 58 degrees. By optimizing the structural parameters with Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA), the spectral positions of Leaky Bloch mode and Mie resonance of the one-dimensional grating can be tuned to produce a high reflectivity of 78% at a wavelength of 500nm for the transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization. Additionally, a two-dimensional grating filter with a reflectivity of 73% at 532nm wavelength is designed, which is insensitive to the polarization of the incident light.

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In this study, we present we present a Michelson interferometer to measure the phase change of the spatial light modulators (SLMs). In addition, we also compare the deflection angle and deflection efficiency of the beam under different periodic blazed gratings. Finally, at the maximum deflection angle of ±3.7°, the diffraction efficiency reaches 53%, and the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is lower than 3dB.

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Long-term exposure to blue-enriched computer screen backlight may lead to eye strain and discomfort, affecting concentration. To investigate, we attempted herein using typing speed to reflect the concentration under the influence of blue light. The results showed the typing speed to decrease from 25 words per minute to 23 after reading a novel with a traditional black text on white background for 30 minutes. Upon switching to a white text on dark background, the typing speed surprisingly increased from 24 words to 26, indicating blue light to have a profound effect on concentration.


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In this study, three wavelengths of 1540nm, 1550nm, and 1560nm, are employed to create a 120-degree MEMS LiDAR. This LiDAR configuration is optimized for short distances, allowing for simultaneous detection of both left and right lanes. The experimental findings indicate a remarkable 130-meter detection range in long-distance assessments, coupled with a consistent field of view and frame rate performance, with no instances of dropped frames. These favorable characteristics position it as a highly suitable solution for integration in autonomous vehicles.

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This study proposes a projection lens for MR systems. This projection lens features a 50-degree of the lens system, with the entrance pupil at the first surface. The article will discuss the design specifications and image quality of this lens. And this article will discuss optical distortion and the relationship between TV Distortion and then follows optical rules.

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This study employs a novel strategy that combines machine learning and Wiener filter methods to improve the quality of interference images captured by a Michelson interferometer in vibrational environments. We combine advanced filter techniques with carefully constructed machine learning models to enhance interferometric images acquired under the influence of vibration conditions. Compared with traditional image quality improvement methods, our method has the ability to predict the quality of interference images, and can exclude low-quality images in advance, and its average accuracy is as high as 99.81%.

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This paper aims to create a high-intensity infrared light as a light source. Its
purpose is not only for supplemental lighting in high-speed cameras but also for tracking the
movement of objects during motion. Subsequently, the video will be segmented into frames
for baseball analysis. Through this photo analysis, parameters such as ball velocity and pitch
type can be determined for baseball analysis.


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3D printing technology is one most popular manufacturing techniques for prototyping while developing in terahertz (THz) technology. This work provides a new possibility of terahertz passive devices fabricated by masked stereolithography (mSLA) 3D printing technology. By designing and characterizing 3D printed THz lenses, our research showcases the feasibility of producing THz passive components through mSLA and demonstrates their performance and reliability in the real world.

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Photonic crystal lasers employing cholesteric liquid crystals (CLC) offer reduced threshold levels and compact sizes. We researched laser direction using CLC's planar and uniform lying helix (ULH) states. Temperature increases switch the CLC to the planar state, shortening the wavelength, while a perpendicular electric field in ULH state increases the pitch for diverse wavelength tunability in thermally tunable lasers.

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Photonic crystal laser consist of cholesteric liquid crystals mirrors can emit specific circular polarization light according to pitch number of chiral mirrors. By using Berreman numerical method and experiments, we verified that different emission chirality changes depending on pitch numbers. Besides, we discuss the effect of the defect layer thickness on the wavelength. The results not only show the realization of DBR laser with controllable circular polarization ratios in the emitted laser light but provide significant potential development of micro-laser sources with versatile emission properties.

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EM duality can be found with complementary patch and aperture structure in plasmonic Hexagonal lattice where both have the same dispersion relation but different TE/TM characteristics. Stacking the patch and aperture creates a 3D metal complementary structure and opens a bandgap at the K and K' points and forms Pseudospin states with valley degree of freedom. By combining the dual-layered structure and its flipped structure side by side, a boundary is formed. Exciting with pseudo-spin at the boundary allows for the observation of electromagnetic waves being confined to the edge with unidirectional propagation.

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This paper investigated the topological properties of plasmonic photonic topological insulators using the valley Hall theoretical models, along with the numerical simulation method of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). It proposed a finite-discrete reciprocal lattice Chern number FDTD calculation method to determine the topological characteristics of the structures. The influence of different excitation methods on the Chern number of plasmonic topological insulators is explored.

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In the last two decades, fiber-optic communication and photonic integrated circuits have been popularized rapidly. However, the dimension difference between optical fiber devices and photonic chips makes the design of fiber-to-chip couplers challenging. To solve this problem, several coupling strategies have been proposed, such as inverted taper-based structures, grating couplers and meta-material based couplers. In this paper, we attempted to design a high-efficiency metamaterial-based couplers for a quantum fiber-optic communication system. We theoretically show that the power efficiency of our design reach 85% with the MFD less than 3um.

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Digital holographic microscopy combines digital holography with microscopy,
breaking through the limitations of traditional microscopes. It allows for numerical
reconstruction of the object's wavefront, enabling computer-controlled focusing without the
need for mechanical adjustments. Through analysis, it provides comprehensive information
about the light waves, including amplitude and phase. This allows for observing samples beyond
colored objects and provides more detailed information.


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Scans of different targets are conducted using theoretical ISAR and the FDTD simulated ISAR method. First, the object consisting of a single point and two points were scanned and the results showed that both theoretic ISAR and FDTD-simulated ISAR successfully imaged a single point or two points. However, FDTD resulted in double ghost image. The target was changed to an actual aircraft. The results showed that theoretical ISAR was able to successfully reproduce the contours of the aircraft, while the FDTD-simulated ISAR only provided a rough depiction of the aircraft's shape.

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This study primarily showcases the slot antenna array fed by photonics topological insulator operating at 60GHz by FDTD method. The simulation results show us The excitation efficiency of the array antenna using photonics topological insulator feed is better than that using microstrip-line feed.

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A light field microscope can capture not only the intensity of light rays from objects in a scene but also their direction and angle by using a specialized lens array. Through post-processing, images of objects with different focal plans can be obtained. In this work, a miniaturized light field device for live organism imaging is proposed.


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With the development of the metaverse, virtual reality (VR) is becoming more and more popular, so the
design process for these systems is rapidly evolving. Designing a VR system that features pancake lenses
can produce a system with impressive optical performance as well as a competitive advantage in size,
weight, and cost.
The main design concept of a pancake lens is a folded ray path where polarized rays reflect between
polarization elements. This can be beneficial for increasing the total optical path length within a shorter
overall length. In other words, it allows you to decrease the thickness between the display and human
eye, which can significantly reduce the volume required for the helmet unit.
A pancake lens system includes three primary parts: a lens module, polarization elements, and human
visual components. For the lens module, imaging performance is the most important aspect that needs to
be considered and optimized. Precisely simulating image quality and efficiently optimizing with design
requirements are key for lens design. For the polarization elements, you must consider the “polarization
axis” in the computation. Polarization properties are usually applied to a curved lens surface in pancake
lens system, because the polarization axis varies along a curved surface. If you used a flat polarizer, the
polarization axis would be the same for each point on the lens surface, and the result would be very
different from the curved lens case. Lastly, we must combine all components and check the visualization
effect to discover if any anomalies exist. For example, a non-ideal polarization state may cause issues
such as leaked rays, flare, or ghost images. These must be identified and reoptimized at a system level.
This talk will introduce an integrated solution to a pancake lens design using Synopsys CODE V, RSoft
DiffractMOD RCWA, and LightTools software. CODE V is an imaging design tool for modeling manytypes of imaging optical systems. We will use it to build a triplet lens and optimize the lens to meet the
specifications. RSoft DiffractMOD is an efficient tool for computing periodical structures. In this case
study, we will use a wire grid polarizer and retarder modeled in RSoft DiffractMOD to selectively
transmit and reflect light. Once we complete the lens design and polarization elements design, the results
will be imported into LightTools, where we will model the displays and eye receiver model and perform
system simulation. We can also use LightTools features to filter the primary path and unwanted path for
stray light analysis. With this seamless cross-product workflow, we can easily achieve the desired
performance and reduce stray light impact for this VR system.

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We demonstrate an immersive head-mounted display (HMD) system in which a hole-patterned electrode (HPE) liquid crystal (LC) lens with a low aberration is incorporated, which is suitable for both hyperopic and myopic users.

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Multiphoton excited fluorescence microscopy (MPEFM) systems have emerged as
powerful imaging tools in life science and biomedical research due to their high-resolution
imaging capabilities, deep tissue penetration, and three-dimensional reconstruction capabilities. In this study, we present the integration of adaptive optics (AO) into an MPEFM system to enhance the image quality through aberration correctio. By harnessing the high responsivity of a deformable mirror (DM) and employing Zernike polynomials to represent
various aberrations, we achieved imaging quality improvement. Before aberration correction, a three-step identification process was implemented to accurately compensate each aberration.

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We propose a novel optical design concept for automotive headlamp. The low beam of this optical system utilizes visible light to illuminate the road, while the high beam employs 850nm infrared light to detect sensors on oncoming vehicles. The low beam mode is designed in accordance with the ECE R112 vehicle safety regulations.

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Due to the incident angle change and the coupling effect of DM channels, to identify the DM voltage vectors for generating individual Zernike mode is complicated and not intuitive. The present study proposes the deep learning neural network to assist the DM identification and find the control vectors. We have successfully trained the SHWS analysis model. A DM with tip-tilt compensation is placed at angle of 45 degree with the optical axis so that the reflected laser power efficiency can be maximized due to no beam splitter is required.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a versatile tool used for elemental analysis. However, there are certain issues associated with repeatability and sensitivity when dealing with low sample concentrations in liquid LIBS. In addition, the measurements can be time-consuming. Therefore, it is very important to optimize the signal collection optics of the LIBS system to improve signal collection efficiency. In this work, we report a method to optimize LIBS signal collection optical system using optical simulations with a commercial ray tracing package, TracePro®. LIBS signal recorded using the optimized system is also presented.

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Warpage measurement of unpolished wafers is a research topic to be overcome. Due to the fact that the surfaces of such wafers can cause the measurement beam to travel along unexpected paths, most optical inspection techniques cannot accurately provide information about the warpage of unpolished wafers. To overcome this problem, we propose a wafer warpage measurement technique based on the shadow moiré effect. Experimental results prove that this technique can accurately measure wafer warpage, with a measurement resolution superior to sub-micron levels.

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We designed and fabricated a UVC LED array that has the potential to limit the fungal infection for murcotts. The UVC LED array was designed suitable for 16 occupied positions of Murcotts. The irradiance was carefully measured on the target section. In terms of vivo conditions, the observation after several weeks of treatment disclosed that the disease symptoms on the irradiated murcotts saw a significant reduction compared to their peer without treatment, where the severity of green mold was effectively inactivated than the stem end rot on murcotts.

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We present a comprehensive study focusing on a near-eye display that incorporates a lightguide seamlessly integrated with volume holographic optical elements (VHOEs). By strategically integrating VHOEs for both in-coupling and out-coupling of the projection image, we have achieved a display with vibrant and rich color representation. The inherent angular degeneracy of the VHOEs ensures uniform diffraction along the vertical axis, and leveraging wavelength degeneracy and multiplexing significantly extends the field of view (FOV) laterally within the lightguide displays. Crucially, this groundbreaking technology relies on pure optical management, highlighting its immense potential to drive the advancement of outstanding VHOE-lightguide displays for augmented reality glasses.

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3D optical inspection is closely watched for manufacturing semiconductor products with high integration density. The 3D integral imaging system is economic but low-aberration designing is difficult. By the design process including sequential and non-sequential analysis by commercial optical design software, a low aberration integral imaging system is designed and fabricated. The all-in-focus image and the depth map of pins of SATA on a PCIe card clearly show deeper regions. However, depth estimation on regions with special patterns or with extreme gray levels are inaccurate, which will be improved by a customized lighting and a machine-learned image denoising algorithm.

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Terahertz (THz) imaging has advanced significantly, finding diverse applications in various fields. Highly polarized materials' absorption coefficient limits THz imaging, but using water in the sub-THz region can help overcome this. This study explores epoxy resin (AB glue) as a diffuser for sub-THz imaging array-detector systems, offering cost-effectiveness and ease of shaping due to its high refractive index. The novel diffuser enhances sub-THz imaging resolution, making THz technology more versatile. The sub-THz diffuser light source system achieves a frame rate of at least 30 fps using a commonly available commercial rotation motor, improving real-time imaging capabilities.

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In this study, we design a metalens with smaller size as 0.9 mm to consist of Cooke triplet to eliminate the aberrations at wavelength of λ = 940 nm. With this design, we successfully decreased the spot size from 349 μm to 0.533 μm, it also can efficiently pave the way for further mass production of this technology.

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Optical frequency rulers (OFR) are suggested for use as optical wavelength or frequency references for spectra manipulation or unknown wavelength measurement. In the past, complicated mechanisms that are not easy to utilize were used to make OFR; this work introduces a simple structure to produce OFR, which should be easier to implement. The numerical results show that those spectral ticks can be moved to higher or lower wavelengths by rotating the analyzer’s angle. This scheme provides another possibility for performing movable OFR with the merit of easy usage.

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A hole-patterned electrode (HPE) liquid crystal (LC) lens with positive (0 D - 0.7 D) and negative focal lengths (0 D - −1.1 D) is demonstrated. It employs an optically compensated bend (OCB) cell filled with dual-frequency LC materials and alignment films with intermediate pretilt angles. This one-layer structure with symmetric LC orientation achieves better reduction in tilt and coma aberration compared to a complicated two-layer HPE LC lens. Additionally, the use of dual-frequency switching and reduced backflow effect in the OCB cell enhances the response by about 7 times.

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This report introduces an accurate and efficient simulation approach for modeling the see-through birdbath architecture, with the precise modeling of the polarizing elements. The architecture includes polarizing elements to enhance light efficiency and reduce light leakage. The workflow incorporates Ansys Lumerical for generating the essential JSON file via STACK simulation to model the anisotropic polarizing element accurately. Ansys Zemax OpticStudio is utilized for system performance check. The study highlights the crucial role of accurate polarizing element modeling in achieving optimal performance for complex see-through optical systems.

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In this research, we propose a green micro-resonant cavity LED with staggered InGaN MQWs, nanoporous n-GaN DBRs (NP DBR), and Ta2O5/SiO2 DBRs. Simulations show improved wavefunction overlaps of 8.8% for regular quantum well and 18.1% for staggered quantum well. Furthermore, a blue-shift reduction from 10.25 nm to 2.25 nm for regular and staggered quantum well respectively. The staggered MQWs maintain output power at high currents. Additionally, 6.5 pairs of Ta2O5/SiO2 DBRs narrows the FWHM from 40 nm to 0.3 nm, achieving a smaller divergence angle.

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This study proposes a method for scanning 2D patterns using multiple blue laser diodes and a 1D rotated polygon mirror. It can further excite remote phosphors with blue laser to generate white light, thereby projecting various white light patterns. For this, we can control the size and density of the pattern by adjusting the size and number of faces of the polygon mirrors. Currently, two types of polygon mirrors, reflective and transmissive, are designed in this study.

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Spatial light modulator (SLM) as an active optical component to design laser phase modulation for generating a matrix of focal points. By evenly distributing the energy of the abundant laser light source among the focal points, parallel processing can be achieved, potentially improving processing speed by an order of magnitude for manufacturers. By dynamically optimizing the phase parameters based on feedback images from the focal point array, and updating the focal point array size, intensity uniformity, and focusing parameters as per application requirements, the project expects to significantly enhance the stability and versatility of laser processing.

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Terahertz (THz) plasmonic devices based on metal-coated woven-wire meshes (MCWMs) have been demonstrated as biosensors [1], but their THz electronic fields of various metal or conductive surface layers are not presented yet, which correlate to conductivity, thicknesses, coverage percentages and geometry of the surface-coated layers. In this study, one theoretical model of MCWM is presented to further evaluate the possible parameters to approach artificial surface plasmonic field in 0.1–1 THz that cumulates at metal-dielectric interface of MCMW. Based on this MCWM-substrate-based THz electric field, homogeneous and inhomogeneous integration of dielectric composition are designed and demonstrated to reveal future applications.

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Photonic systems, known for their manipulability of band structures, play a critical role in the study of topological matter. This paper investigated the topological properties of dielectric topological insulators using the spin Hall theoretical models, along with the numerical simulation method of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD). The influence of different excitation methods such as pseudo-spin phases, as well as the relative positions of excitation points, on the Chern number of various topological insulators is explored. These findings hold significant importance for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of Chern numbers in photonic topological matter and topological phase transitions.

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Long-term exposure to blue-enriched white light may lead to eye damages, especially for those used to reading or working under bright light. Reading illuminance may vary with multiple situations. Amongst, no study has yet investigated the effect of dark adaptation. We hence herein investigate the dark adaptation effect on reading illuminance. A lower illuminance was required when dark adaptation was applied. Initially, reading under white light requires a 33 lx. After a 5-minute dark adaptation, it decreases to 21 lx, and drops to 14 lx after 10 minutes. Moreover, utilizing candlelight shows 14 lx, 8 lx and 6 lx, respectively.

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This study proposes a novel freeform lens design method for beam shaping of elliptical divergent laser diode (LD) beams. Conventional beam shaping of LD beams often involves using a combination of semi-cylindrical lens arrays or deformable prism arrays to correct the elliptical beam profile and achieve a nearly circular beam. In contrast, our proposed design, using a freeform surface lens, allows for transforming LD beams into rotationally symmetric collimated beams with customizable intensity distributions, using only a single lens.

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We present fringe reflectometry combined with a sub-aperture stitching technique and fast Fourier transform to measure the surface profile of a 300 mm × 150 mm polished steel plate. The 3D surface contour and radius of curvature of the large polished steel plates can be obtained. The results show that the radius of curvatures in the X-axis and Y-axis directions are -76.606 m and -77.673 m, respectively.

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Precision displacement measurement has been widely applied in various fields. In this study, we propose a speckle interference technology that can be used to measure in-plane and out-plane displacements. This technique integrates advantages of heterodyne techniques, asymmetric optical path designs, and speckle interferometry. It can provide nanometer-level in-plane and out-o-plane displacement measurement information without changing the system architecture.

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Based on the photocatalytic principle, the study develops a portable air purifier that
utilizes the photocatalytic reaction generated by the UV-LED irradiation on titanium dioxide.
The TiO2 photocatalyst material is coated on acrylic beads with a diameter of about 1.5 mm
and attached to the irradiated surface to increase the effective area. In addition, optical design
software is used to construct a structure that optimizes the utilization of the UV LED
irradiation area. By incorporating a proper fan and using 3D printing technology, a portable
atmospheric air purifier is produced.


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Collimator is popular used in optical testing in laboratory to simulate target in a distance. Glass plate with pattern is fundamental constitute of collimator focal plane, which should be placed precisely with respect to its optics. For collimator in used or to be built, it is necessary to check position of its focal plane. We develop a fast method to check focal plane position with interferometer. Results derived from this method we compared with that derived from angle deviation measurement method. Focal plane adjustment of imaging telescope can be performed with same way.

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The design verification phase of the FORMOSAT-8 remote sensing satellites program's telescope has been passed, paving the way for the telescope’s implementation as the payload for the multi remote sensing satellite constellation of FORMOSAT-8, i.e., FORMOSAT-8A, FORMOSAT-8B, FORMOSAT-8C, FORMOSAT-8D, FORMOSAT-8E, and FORMOSAT-8F. This paper will present the report on the lens centering alignment performance of corrector lens in the FORMOSAT-8 remote sensing satellites program.

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The quality control of optical substrates is necessary for precision manufacturing and application in various
industrial fields such as automobiles, aviation, semiconductors, displays, etc. This research develops a calculation method
to calculate the thickness and refractive index (RI) of an optical plate from a white light interference spectrum.
Considering the limitation of the resolution of the actual spectrum, this method uses 4 times the spectral resolution to
filter out the high-frequency oscillation spectral signal to determine the range of the spectrum that can be calculated.

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The optical self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in a colloidal droplet caused by the irradiation of a linearly polarized laser in a microscope is studied. Different types of GNPs are used for investigation, including spherical GNPs, gold nanorods, nanocubes, and nanoplates. The self-assembly of these building blocks is induced by the optical forces due to the plasmonic effect. All the experiments are conducted in a microscopy. Through the driving optical forces and torques, these gold nanostructures assemble to form larger structures. Additionally, the photothermal effect causes annealing, leading to the transformation of the polycrystalline structure into a quasi-single crystal one.

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The optomechanical behaviors of gold nanoparticle (GNP) dimer manipulated by a circularly polarized (CP) plane wave or Bessel beam are studied. Although a CP plane wave has only spin angular momentum (SAM) without orbital angular momentum (OAM), GNP dimer is driven to rotate along an orbit. The sign of orbital torque exerted on the dimer is size-dependent. Larger GNP dimers may generate a reverse rotation due to the negative optical orbital torque caused by higher-order modes. For a Bessel beam with OAM and SAM, a complicated gear motions of GNP dimer are observed. These behaviors involve the spin-orbit interaction.

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The motion of a gold nanoparticle (nanosphere or nanorod) driven by a Bessel beam is studied to clarify the spin-orbit interaction (SOI). The orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) of Bessel beam are transferred to the orbital and spin torques on the nanoparticle through the scattering and absorption. The ratio of orbital torque to spin torque upon a nanorod equals that of OAM to SAM. This illustrates that a gold nanorod is an effective sensor to probe the OAM and SAM of a vortex beam without inducing coupling. In contrast, the SOI via a nanosphere is serious.

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This study investigates the color variation of mini-LED backlight modules owing to various conditioning parameters. These parameters result in changes in spectral distribution of the emitted white light owing to wavelength-dependent dispersion and absorptivity of the BSD. By employing white light color variation model, computing the color changes when the BSD and mechanical parameters are altered. As thickness increases, the white light’s color temperature change linearly (slope close to 10K/mm). As concentration increases, the white light’s color temperature changes slightly irregularly, change is within ±0.2K. The differences and ranges of color variations will be observed and compared to MacAdam ellipses.

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A confocal Raman system is used in this study to present the three dimensional mapping results. The fabricated silver nano structures chips using thin silver layer treated with rapid thermal anneal at 400oC have good Raman results in measuring the Raman peak of 10-
6M R6G compared with the commercial chips. Two dimensional and three dimensional resultsof fabricated chips and commercial chips successfully verify the precise Z-axis positioning of the confocal Raman system.

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Most flashlights usually provide non-uniform illumination. On the other hand, many applications do require uniform illuminance. We have designed flashlights based on optical theorem and optical software and produced real flashlights with off-the-shelf optical lenses and LED sources, resulting in sufficient uniform illuminance. To achieve uniformity with Lambertian light sources, the optical theorem shows that a constrain equation related to the slope angle of any emitted ray from the on-axis source point and its final ray height on the image plane must be satisfied. The theorem was adopted and written into an optimization program, achieving high-quality uniformity.

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Azimuthally/radially symmetric liquid crystal panels often have problems aligning the center of symmetry during production. By using dichroic dyes methyl red and brilliant yellow to carry out a two-step photo-alignment, the adjustment process can be omitted to avoid the abrasion of the alignment film and the change of cell gap during the process.

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In this research, we proposes a single-shot optical sectioning microscope and used it to measure standard step heights of 3 µm . This paper demonstrates the configuration, inspection concept, experimental setup, and experimental results of the proposed single-shot optical sectioning microscope. The contrast of the structured light is extracted using a three-step phase-shifting method. This research overcomes the illumination deficiency in traditional optical sectioning microscopes. The structured light in this experiment has the ability to perform single-shot measurements without distortion and offers higher resolution.

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A long-distance optical communication with a 40 Gb/s high data rate needs a dispersion compensator to fiber dispersion. The papers suggest employing a multi-layer perceptron neural network model instead to optimize WDM receiver sensitivity to improve the transmission quality.

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The design verification phase of the FORMOSAT-8 remote sensing satellites program's telescope has been passed, paving the way for the telescope’s implementation as the payload for the multi remote sensing satellite constellation of FORMOSAT-8, i.e., FORMOSAT-8A, FORMOSAT-8B, FORMOSAT-8C, FORMOSAT-8D, FORMOSAT-8E, and FORMOSAT-8F. This paper will present the report on the optical design methodology of the catadioptric optical system for the FORMOSAT-8 remote sensing instruments.

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The optical design of the wide angle camera for the FLUTE is described. The FLUTE payload is composed of a pair of wide angle camera, for observing in UVa and VIS/NIR spectral range. Each of camera is an F/4.0 objective lens with a wide 80⁰ x 67⁰ field of view. To satisfy the scientific requirements for spatial resolution, contrast capability, spectral coverage and a rather long back focal distance, a retro-focus configuration with achromatic optical design has been adopted. The mass and volume of objective lens are considered to satisfy the payload within 5U in size, 5kg in weight.

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Pineapples are an important agricultural economic crop in Taiwan, and it is also the top exported fruit from Taiwan. In pineapple cultivation, considerable human resources are required to protect pineapples from excessive solar radiation, which could otherwise lead to deterioration and impact the harvest. Therefore, this study proposes a system by which to automate the detection of unripe, export, and domestic pineapples. The proposed improved YOLOv7 architecture is capable of detecting pineapples within intricate in the pineapple fields, achieving accuracy of more than 95%, and precise pineapple harvesting is achieved through the use of the depth camera for accurate positioning.

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Dynamic whites lighting systems that attempt to mimic the 24-hour changes in the intensity and spectrum of sunlight have been installed in several venues in Canada. These systems provide uniform indirect lighting throughout the room. Staff and visitors were requested to complete short surveys regarding their satisfaction with this system. The survey results were compared with a similar survey conducted for the existing lighting. While there were exceptions, the dynamic system was preferred by the majority of staff

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In this article. we investigate the optical characteristics of reflective EUV mirrors for the
application of lithography for 7nm node and below. By using the conventional quarter-wavelength
stacked Bragg reflective configuration of Mo/Si multilayers centered at soft x-ray 13.5nm, the
maximum reflection is numerically computed to be approximately 0.71, which is consistent to the
typical values reported by ASML. The FWHM bandwidth is 0.7 nm. In our numerical simulation,
other potential Si-based metal reflective mirrors are also reported to replace Mo/Si stacked
multilayers in order to harvest more EUV light inside the scanners.

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Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) by using the light-induced dielectrophoresis are applied to control liquid crystals (LC) droplets with a velocity of 180 μm/s for a 30-μm-diameter by applying 6.5 V at 20 kHz. The ability to control anisotropy and birefringent LCs by OET is promising for finding more photonic applications.

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We propose a non-destructive surface contour measurement system with the advantages of rapid measurement and low cost. It utilizes a uniform light source to measure the curvature of unknown lenses. By projecting fringe patterns onto a scattering screen and analyzing the reflected image, the system accurately determines the object's surface deviation (SAG). In the experimental results, we successfully reconstructed surface information, affirming the system's potential feasibility for practical applications. The system's non-destructive nature and accurate measurement capabilities make it a promising tool for enhancing surface inspection processes.

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Zirconia, commonly used in dentures, is prone to staining. In this study, we introduced specific grid patterns on zirconia surfaces using femtosecond laser texturing, aiming to enhance its hydrophobicity. While untreated zirconia exhibited hydrophilic tendencies, our laser-textured designs, especially with a 0.012 mm spacing grid, achieved contact angles up to 140°. This represents a great potential for laser texturing to enhance liquid stain resistance in zirconia-based dentures.

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This study delves into the optical and dielectric properties of the optical adhesive NOA65 impregnated with methyl red (MR) at various concentrations. Photoisomerization behavior of the azo dye MR upon ultraviolet (UV) exposure influences its optical and dielectric characteristics. By adjusting MR concentrations, control over absorption and emission spectra is achieved. Dielectric analysis reveals intriguing redshift and blueshift tendencies, impacted by temperature and MR content. Exposure to UV induces the trans-to-cis isomerization, affecting dielectric relaxation frequencies. This comprehensive exploration sheds light on the complex interplay between MR doping, UV exposure, and dielectric behavior in NOA65, offering insights into potential

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Model predictive control (MPC), a potent model-based technique for autonomous vehicle path following, often grapples with computational constraints due to model linearization. In this study, we address this challenge by introducing a long short-term memory (LSTM) approach to estimate the dynamic model of the unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). This LSTM-based formulation captures the UGV’s behavior within a state-space linear dynamic model. Integrating LSTM with MPC yields notable enhancements, particularly in S-curve and L-shape path-following scenarios. By mitigating the computational demands of traditional linearization, our approach shows promise in real-time implementations for optimized tracked vehicle trajectory tracking.

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Deep reinforcement learning relies on solid mathematical principles and fine-tunes network parameters through interactions with the environment. In this study, the trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance of field tracked vehicles are conducted by the soft actor-critic (SAC) agent designed with the deep-neural-network-based model predictive control (MPC). The synergy between SAC and MPC enhances adaptability and performance, enabling successful navigation in demanding scenarios.

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Bistable switching is a common technique in conventional cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs). However, our research team has previously discovered the interaction between the dielectric and the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) effects in ion-doped cholesteric liquid crystals. In this study, the influence of EHD and dielectric effects are investigated under different frequencies, electric fields and cell gaps. Based on the obtained results, the bistable optical performance of devices fabricated by ion-doped cholesteric liquid crystals can be further optimized.

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In this study, a simple manufacturing process LC grating sample is provided. The substrate of this sample is a hexagonal substrate formed by arraying microbeads, and then a vertically aligned liquid crystal grating is fabricated using this substrate. Research shows that when unpolarized light is incident, the electrically controllable grating sample can change the intensity of diffraction and change the polarization of diffraction by changing the input voltage.

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The interferometry is often adopted for optical quality inspection of high precision demand catadioptric telescopes which could be used to measure the wavefront of optical system. However, vast majority of catodioptric telescopes are comprised of plural lenses and these lenses are usually closed to the image plane which may easily produce the ghost fringes during the interferometry and affect the wavefront measurement result. In order to resolve this problem, an investigation for figuring out where the ghost fringe coming from will be illustrated and a crucial optical parameter for reducing the disturbance from ghost fringe will be discussed.

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Long exposure to blue-enriched screen backlight might damage eyes. Currently, no study discloses the effect of screen blue-emission backlight on eye strain. We hence attempted herein using blink rate to reflect the eye strain during film watching. The average blinking rate was 16 times per minute after watching the film for 90 minutes. It decreased to 12 as an effective anti-blue light orange glasses was equipped. Subjects with a high myopic diopter tended to blink more frequently; i.e. the blink rate increased from 14 to 24 as the diopter (-D) increased from 0 to 8.

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A 16x sniper scope with a 40mm objective diameter is proposed. Systems are optimized for aberrations, distortion, and chromatic issues. Tolerance analysis is conducted to ensure that the design is suitable for mass production.

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We report the progress of developing a surface profilometry measurement system integrated in a powder bed laser selective melting (SLM) facility. The image capturing hardware, distortion correction and surface profile demodulation procedure were integrated to achieve automatic motionless wide-field on-line profilometry. Automatic defect identification and categorization on powder bed and solidified surface are planed.

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With the support of National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), we are developing an optical testing system for near-eye displays (NED). This paper discuss a custom designed objective lens which is a function of effective model of human eye, captures the virtual image from the NED, delivers the required optical information for the NED testing system to evaluate the NEDs performance by emulating the human eye.

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High power LED or fiber laser require collimated light for higher accuracy. We use optical principles and optical software to calculate and simulate collimated lenses and optimize them. The study is divided into two modules: Module A is a plano-convex lens with a flat surface close to the light source and Module B is a plano-convex lens with a convex surface close to the light source. It is found that Module B is more suitable to be used in the case where the light with a full angle of 15° after passing through the lens. Its alignment is 0.956°.

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In an optical microscopy system, remote focusing (RF) is achieved by adjusting the defocus term of Zernike polynomials. With a model-based adaptive optics (AO) system, we achieve both remote focusing and effective aberration compensation. In this study, the AO system employs a mathematical model based on 15 Zernike polynomials, with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) and a deformable mirror (DM) as the sensor and wavefront corrector, respectively. Combining CameraLink high speed with the real-time computational capabilities of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), the system achieves a 200 Hz aberration correction rate.

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Taiwan's geographical relationship in security, surveillance, and defense markets, long-range infrared (IR) imaging is playing an increasing role in surveillance, tracking, and targeting [1], so this paper design a compact IR camera with 5x optical zoom.

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The rapid growth of data-intensive applications has driven the demand for high-speed chip-to-module (C2M) channels. This study investigates the feasibility of operating a C2M channel at 212 Gbps. We focus on mitigating inter-symbol interference (ISI) and enhancing performance through the implementation of floating taps decision feedback equalization (DFE). By evaluating factors such as intrinsic noise and precise ISI correction, we aim to achieve reliable data transmission and compliance with standards. Our findings provide insights into the essential considerations for achieving efficient communication in high-speed C2M channels.

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This report develops a novel spectrometer with high-resolution and wide spectral bands. It is only necessary to quickly control the switch of the plane reflector through the linkage mechanism, and provide the user with fast switching between various spectrum bands, which not only enables the spectrometer to have high resolution, but also enables rapid detection of different spectrum bands. Compared with traditional spectrometers, the developed spectrometer does not require an expensive and precise grating rotation mechanism to expand measured range of spectral bands.

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In this paper, the combination of a tunable Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (TMI) and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is utilized to measure vibrations. By adjusting the free spectral range (FSR) of the TMI, the amplitude of the measured vibration can be changed.

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In this paper, a novel bidirectional communication system is presented that combines optical communication and sensor networks with a hybrid of fiber and free space optical communication (FSO) transmission channels. A coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) multiplexer/demultiplexer is utilized to allow for the simultaneous transmission of optical communication signals and sensor signals.

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Lens manufacturing assembly tolerance is a necessary issue for every lens optical factory, but its processing cost and optical imaging quality vary greatly from one optical factory to another with different technologies. This paper analyzes the differences of glass lenses at different temperatures and the influence of lens manufacturing and lens assembly tolerances on the image quality of the lenses.

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This study analyzes the relationship between glass refractive index, Abbé number, and dispersion, and uses the principle of image plane displacement of flat glass to improve and enhance the resolving ability of the telecentric lens when focusing at different heights.

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A device designed to use six LEDs in combination with vehicle motion sensors and the Local Interconnect Network (LIN) Bus protocol is proposed to improve the blind spot encountered by motorcycles when entering curves, using the PCB design software Altium Designer 17 for circuit design, and complying with ECE Regulation R10 for electromagnetic compatibility.

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This research uses light-stimulated plant growth technology to achieve the goal of strengthening the photosynthesis of sea weed in the ocean to purify the marine ecology, and then contribute to social, economic, and academic development. By utilizing LED lighting technology, the production efficiency and quality of seaweed can be improved, thereby increasing the production of seaweed. In addition, using this technology to cultivate seaweed can also reduce the impact on the environment, such as reducing greenhouse gases. In addition, due to the higher energy efficiency of LED lighting technology, it can also reduce the energy cost of seaweed production.

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Long exposure to blue-enriched white light might harm eyes and health. To mitigate, night-light mode has been introduced in computer operating systems. However, no research has reported its effectiveness in eye protection. We hence carried out a study regarding how its affected permissible viewing time and clarity. We found that higher night-light-setting strength led to lower screen brightness and lesser blue emission, permitting a longer viewing time and better clarity. Taking 100%, for example, it permitted 67 h viewing time with a required 3 lx to view clearly 7-pt text, while 4.4 h at the default setting with 7 lx.

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Long exposure to blue-enriched screen backlight or sunlight may cause eye diseases. Anti-blue light contact lenses have been introduced as a protective measure. However, no research has been conducted regarding their eye-protection effectiveness. Therefore, we carried out a quantitative study using a blue hazard quantification spectrometer. All colorless contact lenses investigated barely showed protection effectiveness. If tinted, a yellow one showed a high EPI of 1.5 in front of a computer screen or 1.3 under sunlight. The control part, an orange lens, exhibited an EPI of 20 indoor and 24 outdoors. We suggest reconsidering antiblue light measures for eye safeguarding.

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Projection teaching is one of the teaching methods, while indoor illumination is needed for note-taking. The concern is whether this additional illumination would burden eyes. We hence investigated the effect of classroom illumination on projection viewing time. Without illumination, the permissible time was 1.1 h at 2 m, while 1 under yellowish-orange light and 0.4 under white light. It increased drastically by changing the display setting from the black text on white background to an orange text on black background. Without illumination, it was extended by 42 h, while by 3.8 under yellowish-orange light and 0.7 under white light.

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Long exposure to short-wavelength emission-containing sunlight and computer backlight might be harmful to eyes. To prevent, sunglasses is a popular option. However, no research discloses what color can provide the best protection without compromising viewing clarity. We hence performed a quantitative study for the same. We found that the typical gray one shows an eye protection index (EPI) of 17, outdoors, but with a poorest relative viewing clarity (RVC) of 77%. In contrast, an orange one shows an EPI of 9, but with a highest RVC (97%).

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This paper presents an optical design for tunnel lighting that incorporates a freeform secondary lens capable of accommodating counter-beam, pro-beam and symmetric lighting patterns. This design is adaptable to surrounding conditions, thereby ensuring both driving safety within the tunnel and energy efficiency. Through this approach, the safety of tunnel navigation is assured while simultaneously achieving significant energy savings.

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The high-frequency passed spectra of metal-wire-woven hole arrays (MWW-HAs) are presented in the frequency range of 0.1–2 terahertz (THz) and compared with those planar metal-hole-arrays (MHAs) that were perforated on various thicknesses of metal slabs. The high-frequency-passed spectra have transmittance peaks in high frequency ranges but very closing to the cut-off frequencies. The spectral peak transmittance of MWW-HAs are relatively higher that that of MHAs due to the characters of low THz resistance and polarization maintenance. The periodically corrugated metal woven wires of MWW-HAs can split the spectral transmittance peaks, performing one new THz plasmonic metamaterial.

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To optimize a spatial light modulator (SLM) for phase modulation of lasers, start by calibrating its phase range and linearity. This ensures that the modulated intensity of calibration system corresponding to the SLM phase pattern ideally follows a period of cosine curve. After calibration, computer generated holography (CGH) technique is adopted to convert Gaussian beam intensity profile to a flat-top beam by phase modulation. This altered profile diffracts upon entering the optical system, achieving desired performance.

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We propose a novel heterodyne light source with two acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) and a half-wave plate. This architecture differs from the conventional Mach-Zehnder setup and can simplify the optical system structure for enhancing the precision and stability of the heterodyne interferometer.

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We introduce an inverse identification and design approach for optical waveguide analysis, tailored to specific mode or target intensity distributions. Using the finite difference method, we discretize the Helmholtz equation, reinforcing its role among mode solvers. From this foundation, we formulate a cost function and a unique gradient related to the waveguide's refractive index. Utilizing the Adam algorithm for cost function optimization, we highlight its superior efficiency in bypassing local minima, ensuring swift convergence, and eliminating the necessity for preset refractive index boundaries.

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In this study, we combined polarization microscopy system with color polarization camera to complete the setup of a multi-wavelength dynamic interferometer. However, the color polarization camera exhibits optical errors in its mechanical structure, Therefore, the Super Pixel method will be used in the software to correct the distribution of pixels. Using this method to enhance the accuracy of phase measurement and reduce errors in measuring thin film samples.

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An intelligent waste segregation system for fixed and deformable-shaped waste objects was designed and implemented for the first time using an upgraded double convolutional neural network (CNN) model (based on MobileNet-based single-shot multibox detectors (SSD) + MobileNet). The system's identification accuracy is higher than the conventional waste segregation design employing just a single MobileNet SSD or MobileNet network model, reaching 96.1%. Additionally, the system can still successfully recognize waste objects in settings with light levels ranging from 10 to 10,000 lux.

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