Session Index

We represent AI-designed metasurfaces and three low-cost manufacturing: 1) nanoimprinting with
high-refractive-index dielectric particle embedding resin (PER), 2) bandgap engineering of
hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), and 3) atomic-layer coating on imprinted resin. a-Si,
TiO2, and ZrO2 PERs are used for metasurfaces at infrared (940 nm), visible (532 nm), and
ultraviolet (325 and 248 nm), respectively; measured efficiencies reach 47% (940 nm), 91% (532
nm), 72% (325 nm), and 49% (248 nm). PER metasurfaces with an inverse design provide 3D, fullcolor holography at visible. The bandgap of a-Si:H is engineered to suppress optical losses,
realizing metasurface efficiencies of 42% (450 nm), 65% (532 nm), and 75% (635 nm). We deposit
an atomic layer on resin for 12-inch metasurfaces, achieving measured efficiencies of 61% (450
nm), 78% (532 nm), and 65% (635 nm).

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Electrically tunable anisotropic optical medium based on nematic liquid crystals for varifocus in augmented reality is investigated. The plane-parallel plates with electrically tunable liquid crystal are applied in a varifocal AR system to solve vergence-accommodation conflict problem. We report a theoretical and experimental study of the influence of anisotropic medium to the imaging in AR system. In experiments, the projected virtual image can be adjusted from 1.3 m to 2.0 m away from the AR system while the thickness of LC plane-parallel plates < 3mm.

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This research investigates the characteristics of scattered light in AR near-eye systems that employ volume holographic optical elements (VHOE) as waveguide combiners. We examine the potential root causes of scattered light using a hybrid optical simulation approach that combines both ray and wave optics considerations. Our study reveals that, although VHOEs exhibit certain scattering characteristics, the primary contributor to scattered light is the contrast ratio of micro-display panel. Therefore, improving the contrast ratio becomes paramount in the effort to minimizing scattered light effects and elevate the overall AR user experience.

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Micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) with phenomenal advantages are becoming mainstream in today's high-end displays. However, persistent challenges exist in maintaining high image quality and relying excessively on time-consuming mass transfer techniques. To address challenges, firstly, we employ photolithography that enables a high-yield color conversion layer with a full-color ultra-high definition at 2540 PPI. Secondly, in the case of pixel miniaturization, we reduce the aspect ratio of the pixel while incorporating zinc oxide nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity to maintain color fidelity; this enhances pixel structure, reduces color crosstalk, and improves the heat resistance of the color-conversion layer.

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In this study, we present a blue resonant cavity micro-light-emitting diodes (RC-μ-LED) using staggered InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs), atomic layer deposition passivation, and nanoporous distributed Bragg reflector (NP-DBR). The peak wavelength shifted from 455.31 nm to 449.18 nm with a 6.13 nm blue shift when the current increased from 9 A/cm² to 54 A/cm². The RC-μ-LED exhibited a divergence angle as low as 39.04°.

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In today’s virtual reality (VR) product, the pancake type has become the mainstream architecture, because the folded type can greatly reduce the overall length. Although the image quality of the pancake type is better than that of the traditional design, its spot size at a wide field of view is still too large compared to the pixel size of high-resolution panels. According to the image quality analysis, lateral chromatic aberration is the leading cause of huge spot size. After adding the diffractive optical element (DOE) in optimization, the lateral chromatic aberration and spot size can be significantly improved.

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We present an efficient bi-focal meta-lens that converts a linearly polarized incident plane wave (λ=365 nm) into left circular polarized and right circular polarized light focusing on different points. The bi-focal meta-lens is composed of a set of 500 nm-high birefringent AlN nanofins with a near-unity polarization conversion rate. This efficient and UV-transparent AlN bifocal meta-lens demonstrated a high potential for the circular polarization multiplexing in the applications in mask-less photolithography, curing-based 3D printing, and other advancing semiconductor manufacturing and nanotechnology.

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